In this constitution series, we will understand what is Article 162 of the Indian Constitution. Let’s know the meaning of article 162 in Hindi as well as in English.
What is Article 162 of the Indian Constitution?
Article 162 of the Constitution of India talks about the extent of executive power given to states. According to Article 162, the powers of the State executive are not confined to matters over which the state has already made laws but also extend to those matters upon which it has authority to make laws/legislate.
“Extent of executive power of State Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has power to make laws Provided that in any matter with respect to which the Legislature of a State and Parliament have power to make laws, the executive power of the State shall be subject to, and limited by, the executive power expressly conferred by the Constitution or by any law made by Parliament upon the Union or authorities thereof Council of Ministers.”
Detailed Analysis of Article 162
The premise of this article lies in the 7th Schedule of the Constitution of India, which talks about the distribution of powers and functions between the Union and the States. These powers are divided into three lists – Union List, State List, and the Concurrent List. The Union Government, through the Indian Parliament, has the complete power to make laws on matters that are included in the Union List. Similarly, State Governments can legislate/make laws on matters included in the State List. However, on matters pertaining to Concurrent List, both the Union and the States have jurisdiction to make laws. In case of any dispute, the central government’s decision will be upheld.
What this Article 162 wants to confer is associated to the 2nd and 3rd list. The executive authority of states is absolute for subjects that are part of the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution. Since the states’ legislators also have the power to legislate on subjects included in the Concurrent List, this authority extends to this list. However, the states neither hold the authority to legislate on matters bypassing the Constitution nor can they make any law that may have been passed by the Parliament of India. This way, the authority is allocated to both parties.
The power extension to the Concurrent list is mentioned particularly in this Article when it says that the executive power of the States shall also include matters where the Legislature of the State has the power to legislate.
What is Article 162 in Hindi?
भारत के संविधान का अनुच्छेद 162 राज्यों को दी जाने वाली कार्यकारी शक्ति की सीमा के बारे में बात करता है। अनुच्छेद 162 के अनुसार, राज्य कार्यकारिणी की शक्तियाँ उन मामलों तक ही सीमित नहीं हैं जिन पर राज्य पहले ही कानून बना चुका है, बल्कि उन मामलों तक भी विस्तारित है जिन पर उसे कानून बनाने का अधिकार है।
भारतीय संविधान का अनुच्छेद 162 के अनुसार, “इस संविधान के उपबंधों के अधीन रहते हुए किसी राज्य की कार्यपालिका शक्ति का विस्तार उन विषयों पर होगा जिनके संबंध में उस राज्य के विधान-मंडल को विधि बनाने की शक्ति है:
परंतु जिस विषय के संबंध में राज्य के विधान-मंडल और संसद को विधि बनाने की शक्ति है उसमें राज्य की कर्यपालिका शक्ति इस संविधान द्वारा, या संसद द्वारा बनाई गई किसी विधि द्वारा, संघ या उसके प्राधिकारियों को अभिव्यक्त रूप से प्रदत्त कार्यपालिका शक्ति के अधीन और उससे परिसीमित होगी।”
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